Many foreign tourists prepare this Japan Rail Pass once they decide to travel Japan, it is a special discount pass only for international temporary visitors. It must be purchased before you leave your country, it can not be purchases in Japan, only through online or a travel agent. There is a list where you can purchase JR Pass at the JR website :
If you stay in a few cites or stay more than 5 days in each cities, it is better to combine inner city pass / transit card AND individual Shinkansen tickets. You can save not only cost but time by taking the fastest Shinkansen called NOZOMI that JR Pass holders can not ride.
Buy Shinkansen Tickets Online Now >
https://shinkansen-ticket.com/
We can recommend you to use a prepaid transit card such as PASMO or SUICA while you explore the city. These cards are very useful, you can use it at most of the transportations (trains (JR and the others), metros, buses, taxies, coin lockers, parking lots etc…) and shops (most of convenience stores and kiosks, vending machines etc…). And you can recharge it easily at stations and convenience stores.
You should deposit 500 JPY to have a card but you'll get refund when you return the card. Good to keep in mind to use up or cancel before going back home.
PASMO
http://www.pasmo.co.jp/en/
Also there are 1-day to 3-day open tickets from Metro, if you ride many times in a few days.
Tokyo Metro | To Customers Visiting Tokyo | Tokyo Subway Ticket
http://www.tokyometro.jp/en/ticket/value/travel/
Or, if you plan to explore many spots in Tokyo for one full day, "Tokyo 1-Day Ticket" may be the best solution.
It allows unlimited rides on local JR trains, subways, and buses within 23 ward area in Tokyo.
Tokyo 1-Day Ticket
http://www.jreast.co.jp/e/pass/tokyo_free.html
If you are interested in this topic, please refer to our following article as well.
Compare Japan Rail Pass and Single Shinkansen Tickets
https://shinkansen-ticket.com/pages/compare-japan-rail-pass-and-single-shinkansen-tickets
Regular seats used on Reserved cars and Unreserved cars of Shinkansen. Consider it as "economy class" seat.
Better seats with more space than ordinary seats. All Green Seats are reserved only. Consider it as "business class" seats.
Your seat is reserved and secured when you book your tickets. Head to the station with a peace of mind.
Seats are the same as Ordinary Seat.
Better seats and free blankets. Popular among Japanese business persons, executives and people who
Know as "First Class" of Shinkansen seats. Only available on Hokuriku and Tohoku Shinkansen lines.
You can take any open seats in unreserved cars of any train on the departure date. (No departure time will be indicated on your tickets.)
The best seat type if your priority is the cost and are traveling during less-crowded season/time.
For further information and photos, please visit official page at http://www.jreast.co.jp/e/ticket/types.html